1927 earthquakes in the Crimea (june 26 and september 11-12). Ensuring the buildings and structures seismic resistance under present-day conditions
Abstract
The territory of Ukraine is located in the seismic activity zones, in which earthquakes with magnitudes of 6 to 9 occur. About 20% of the population live in seismic zones. The earthquakes of 7-8 points are observed in the Odessa region and in the Crimea. The Crimean earthquakes are destructive. The paper gives a generalized description of earthquakes on the southern coast of Crimea in June and September 1927. The primary and secondary phenomena during these earthquakes are considered (the first observed signs, the emission of combustible gases from the seabed, damage to buildings and structures). The number of earthquake victims is a controversial issue.
Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the “Swallow's Nest” palace architecture and the measures to preserve this unique building are considered. The problems of ensuring the buildings and structures earthquake resistance under present-day conditions in almost 100 years after the earthquakes and the tasks of the earthquake-resistant construction development in Ukraine in the modern standards context are also considered.
The limited knowledge about seismic hazards in Ukraine, fixed assets depreciation and forced necessity to save on protective measures, have led to an increase in seismic risk both in seismically active areas and in areas that were previously classified as non-seismic.
The increase of the buildings storeys number, departure from the symmetrical building locations in plan, the complication of construction materials industrial production technologies and the constant increase of man-made loads are the causes of the manmade disasters.
The new regulations of Ukraine DBN V.1.1-12: 2014 "Construction in seismic areas of Ukraine" harmonized with Eurocode 8 and DBN B.1.2-5: 2007 "Scientific and technical support of construction sites" require the safety issues special consideration with regard to the buildings design and construction in seismic areas, as well as carrying out the experimental tests of structural solutions seismic resistance and taking into account the real soil conditions at the construction site.
The scientific and technical products pricing ISSN 2313-6669 «SCIENCE & CONSTRUCTION» «НАУКА ТА БУДIВНИЦТВО» 3(25)’2020 28 documents in the construction field do not stimulate the new equipment and technology introduction. In this regard, it is important to develop a mechanism for obtaining economic benefits from the research results implementation in order to improve the experimental base and stimulate the developers.
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