Geotechnical monitoring in the conditions of compacted urban development

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in public and scientific attention to environmental monitoring. This is due to the increase of man-made load on the environment and, first and foremost, the geological environment, as well as the need for new, higher organizational and technical level to solve the problems related to its changes. Recent monitoring data indicate a tendency to the intensification of this negative natural-technogenic process on a spatial-temporal scale and the increase, first of all, of the areas of flooding, as well as of subsidence, landslides and other dangerous phenomena. Accordingly,
during the of buildings operation, under the above factors influence, the corresponding new stress-strain state of the "base-foundation-upper structure" system changes. In many cases, this leads to damage to building structures, emergencies and a significant decrease in the buildings reliability. Today in Ukraine 11000 dwellings are in a state of disrepair. There are two examples of geotechnical monitoring: the wall-to-ground arrangement and landslides.
The specially developed monitoring program included: the geodetic control of deformations of the surrounding buildings and structures of the reconstructed building; the systematic structure deformations observation in the process of the pit excavation and construction, with the installation of inclinometric sensors, deformation beacons and geodetic marks; the groundwater level fluctuation observation during construction; the observation of the state of the deformation beacons installed on the cracks of the surrounding development buildings; the engineeringgeological monitoring to ensure confirmation of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the bearing (support) layer soil of pile foundations and of reinforcement piles. The geotechnical monitoring made it possible to preserve the existing historical building in the area of influence of the "wall in the ground" and landslide protection structure erection and to eliminate the risk of emergencies.